What is the Ngorongoro Crater?
The Ngorongoro Crater is the world's largest intact volcanic caldera, formed approximately 2.5 million years ago when a giant volcano collapsed on itself. Today it forms a natural enclosure roughly 20 km wide and 600 m deep, sheltering one of the most remarkable concentrations of wildlife anywhere on the planet. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of Africa's Seven Natural Wonders.
Wildlife in the Ngorongoro Crater
The crater is home to approximately 25,000 large animals, including the densest population of predators in Africa. Lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, cheetahs, jackals, and African wild dogs are all present. The crater is one of the best places in East Africa to see endangered black rhino — approximately 20–25 individuals live inside the caldera. The crater floor also supports vast herds of wildebeest, zebra, buffalo, and gazelle, along with hippos in the crater's lakes and thousands of flamingos on the soda shores of Lake Magadi.
Best Time to Visit Ngorongoro
The crater is excellent year-round. During the dry season (June–October), animals concentrate around water sources making them easy to spot. During the green season (November–May), the crater floor is lush and birdlife is extraordinary, with over 500 species recorded. Early morning visits (gates open at 6am) are best to catch predators still active from the night's hunt.
Practical Tips for Visiting the Crater
A maximum of 60 vehicles are allowed into the crater at any time. All vehicles must be 4WD with a pop-up roof for game viewing. You must be accompanied by a certified guide. Day visitors must exit by 6pm. Picnic lunches at the designated hippo pool are a highlight. Conservation fees are currently $295 per person per day for non-residents, included in most packaged safari prices.
Combining Ngorongoro with the Serengeti
Most Tanzania safari itineraries combine Ngorongoro with the Serengeti, Tarangire, and Lake Manyara for a complete Northern Circuit experience. The Ngorongoro Conservation Area also serves as the gateway road to the Serengeti, making it a natural stop on any northern Tanzania safari route.